Proffesional Aircraft Boeing 737
Proffesional Aircraft ( PA )
Tak tady doufáme, že nás poučí reální piloti.
co zde vše je.
-Jak používat GPS
-Jak se naučit přistávat na ILS
-Jak nastartovat systémy letadel ( 737-800, A320 , )
-Jak se domluvit s kontrolní věží
-Jak se naučit přistávát a startovat
-Jak se naučit používat letecké přístroje
( Toto zpracování na této stránce bude velmi náročné a dlouhé. Proto vás klidně prosíme, aby jste nám napsaly i vaše rady na uvedené body z vaší letecké zkušenosti.
Začneme u Boeing 737-800
Tento letou vypada:
A jeho pilotní kabina
Nejprve si upřesníme s čím vlastně letíme:Boeing 737 je nejrozšířenější dopravní letoun na světě, vyrobený již ve více než 6 600 exemplářích. V České republice letoun užívají jak ČSA (Boeing 737-500), tak Travel Service (Boeing 737-500/800).
1) První den v kabině
Vítejte v kabině 737-800, před vámi je zpousta ukazatelů a přístrojů, o kterých si něco řekneme a následně si uvedeme jak snimi spolupracovat.
Palubní deska se skládá z Navigation display, display motorů, autobrake.
2) Co je vlastně Autopilot?
Autopilot
VERT SPD
Volba rychlosti stoupání nebo klesání.
Do cca 1700 nebude B737 při klesání zrychlovat.
TO/GA
TO/GA je tlačítko v sektoru plynových pák. Nastaví automaticky režim motorů pro vzlet (TO - Take Off) nebo pro stoupání při přerušeném přiblížení na přistání (GO - Go Around).

V simulátoru je pro zjednodušení ovládání možné kliknout na šroubek v levém horním rohu panelu autopilota nebo ve verzi pro FSX do prázdného místa v levém dolním rohu panelu autopilota.


Musí být aktivovaný automat tahu (A/T - autothrottle). Tlačítko TO/GA funguje i v defaultním Boeingu.
Ovládání motorů dopravního letadla je sofistikovanější než šlapání na plyn v automobilu. Automatika regulace moderního proudového motoru je schopna zvládat i prudké změny režimů způsobené pilotem pohybem plynových pák, ale ovládání motorů musí respektovat i požadavky na ekonomii provozu letadla. Tlačítko TO/GA umožňuje zautomatizovat a optimalizovat chod motorů s ohledem na bezpečný vzlet, dodržení správných provozních parametrů motorů a nízkou spotřebu motorů a zjednodušit tak práci pilotů.
Aby bylo možné motory takto ovládat, musí se někde zadat, z jakého letiště letadlo bude vzlétat, za jakého počasí, jak bude muset letadlo po odlepení stoupat a jak moc má být chod motoru úsporný. Tím místem je FMS - Flight Management System, do kterého se vše zadává přes FMC.
Podmínky pro vzlet s použitím TO/GA (PMDG NGX) jsou:
- zadané parametry letu v FMC (použitá dráha a trasa odletu, naložení letadla cestujícími a palivem, zvolená ekonomie letu, ...)
- zapnutý Flight Director před oběma piloty
- zapnutý A/T - autothrottle
Vzlet se provede tak, že se motory pomalým přesunutím plynových pák nechají rozběhnout na cca 40% otáček N1. Pilot kontroluje hodnoty motorových přístrojů. Po ustálení otáček obou motorů se stiskem TO/GA zahájí vzlet.
Na PFD se nastaví čáry Flight directoru, vodorovná ukazuje do rychlosti 84KIAS 10 stupňů pod horizont, pak se přestaví na 15 stupňů nad horizont a po odlepení drží podélný sklon tak, aby se dosáhlo rychlostí V2+15.
Pozor. Při manévru GO AROUND se vytažené brzdy Speedbrake nezasunou!
GO AROUND podle FMC
Je-li aktivován jen jeden kanál, po stisku TO/GA se autopilot vypne.
VNAV
Režim VNAV
Vypadne, když chce FMS - Flight Management System zahájit klesání podle letového plánu, ale na autopilotu je nastavena větší výška.
Režimy
Autopilot může pracovat v několika různých režimech. Režimy autopilota se volí tlačítky na panelu autopilota (MCP) nebo se autopilot přepne sám v reakci na vnější okolnosti.
To, že autopilot řídí letadlo, indikuje na displeji PFD nápisem CMD. Aktivní režimy autopilota jsou indikovány také na displeji PFD různými nápisy.

Chování autopilota
Podle rádců je to příliš velkou výškou, na které pilot přistávací manévr zahájil. Simulátor se takto chová, ale i když jsem zapínal APP až pod doporučovanou výškou 1500 nad prahem dráhy, tak stejně chvíli indikoval SINGLE CH. Ale potom naskočí CMD a sedne jako do peřin.
Přechod do režimu CWS P
Autolilot letící v režimu CMD, udržující výšku () a kurs (HD...)
Podle rádců je to příliš velkou výškou, na které pilot přistávací manévr zahájil. Simulátor se takto chová, ale i když jsem zapínal APP až pod doporučovanou výškou 1500 nad prahem dráhy, tak stejně chvíli indikoval SINGLE CH. Ale potom naskočí CMD a sedne jako do peřin.
Vypínání
Na Periskopu bylo popsáno chování autopilota během automatického přistání, které se mi děje taky:
Důležité: ILS přiblížení na rwy 28 - LKTB. Výška 4000 ft, DME BNO cca 15NM. Aktivuji APP a CMD B. Všechno jede v poho až najednou naskočí SINGLE CH a tlačítko APP zhasne. Ale všechno jede dál bez problémů, letadlo chytí LC i G/S, klesá klesá a tak 3NM od prahu dráhy zhasne SINGLE CH, objeví se CMD a jede to zase v poho.
3) Hodiny
Hodiny jsou vlastně také navigační přistroj. Pokud je třeba nalétnout traťový bod, jehož pozici nejde získat zaměřením dvou majáků, ale který je jen na trase v určité vzdálenosti, lze se jeho polohy dobrat jen odměřením doby letu z bodu se známou polohou.
Hodiny jsou vidět na palubní desce jen v 3D kokpitu. Ve 2D kokpitu je třeba je vyvolat "tlačítkem" na palubní desce C (Clock).

Pro využívání hodin je třeba vědět, jakou vzdálenost letadlo uletí za minutu při dané rychlostu letu.
4) Master Caution
5) PFD
Rychloměr indikuje žlutým nápisem na PFD NO VSPD nezadáné "speed bugs".
Je třeba jít v FMC na stránku TAKEOFF REF a nastavit podmínky startu.
6) Základní Check Listy
Check lists
Preflight
Battery Switch (BAT) | ON |
Panel overhead, blok AC and DC Metering Panel | |
Standby Power | AUTO |
Panel overhead, blok Generator Drive and Standby Power Panel | |
DC Meter Selector | BAT |
Panel overhead, blok AC and DC Metering Panel |
Before Start
BRAKES | TEST and SET |
Kontrola brzd, zatažení parkovací brzdy Ctrl+tečka | |
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT | OFF |
AVIONICS POWER SWITCH | OFF |
spínač Avionika na vypnuto | |
COWL FLAPS | OPEN |
otevřít | |
FUEL SELECTOR VALVE | BOTH |
Žádost o povolení spouštět. Po obdržení povolení ke spouštění:
DOORS | CLOSED |
AIR CONDITION PACK | CLOSED |
START PRESSURE | _____ PSI |
? | |
ANTICOLISION LIGHT | ON |
Before Take Off
RECALL | CHECKED |
Na Master Caution panelu vymáčknu žluté tlačítko, všechny výstrahy musí zhasnout | |
START SWITCHES | CONT |
Na overhead panelu překontroluji nastavení startérů | |
AUTOTHROTTLE | ARM |
Na panelu autopilota musí být přepínač A/T - autothrottle v poloze zapnuto. | |
TCAS/TRANSPONDER | TESTED AND SET |
Na panelu rádia (mezi sedačkami) přepnu přepínač TCAS do polohy TEST a počkám, až zahlásí, že je OK. Potom ho přepnu do polohy TA |
After Take Off
AIR COND & PRESS | SET |
? | |
START SWITCHES | OFF |
Na overhead panelu vypnu startéry | |
GEAR | UP, LIGHTS OUT |
FLAPS | UP, NO LIGHTS |
AUTOBRAKE | OFF |
7)Panel overhead
Panel nad hlavami pilotů - everhead:
AC and DC Metering Panel

BAT on/off
Po připojení akumulátoru ožijou elektrické okruhy ovládání letadla, ale přístroje v kabině zůstávají vypnuté.
Stav akumulátoru zjistíte přepnutím přepínače nad vypínačem akumulátoru do polohy BAT. Na napájení z akumulátoru přepnete přepínače napravo přepnutím do polohy STBY PWR.
Je-li akumulátor vybitý, rozsvítí se nad přepínačem kontrolka BAT DISCHARGE. Zároveň je tento stav indikován na Master Caution panelu kontrolkou ELEC.
Řešením je buď připojení k pozemnímu zdroji, nebo nahození APU (APU má svůj akumulátor a lze ho tedy nahodit i při vybitém hlavním akumulátoru).
Po zapnutí tohoto spínače je možné připojit pozemní zdroj GRD PWR .
Generator Drive and Standby Power Panel

STANDBY POWER
Po zapnutí tohoto spínače ožijí přístroje v kabině. Rozsvítí se displeje.
Ground Power Panel and Bus Switching Panel

GRD POWER AVAILABLE
Napájení z pozemního zdroje je k dispozici, když je aktivovaná parkovací brzda.
GRD PWR
Napájení z pozemního zdroje je k dispozici, když je aktivovaná parkovací brzda.
APU
Fuel Pumps

8) Navigation Display
Navigation Display - navigační displej
Displej zobrazuje informace od FMS - Flight Management System.
Značky objevující se na displeji
Na dalším zlepšení typu 737 a A320 se stále pracuje. Děkujeme
Komentáře
Přehled komentářů
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